# cash

**Repository Path**: slcnx/cash

## Basic Information

- **Project Name**: cash
- **Description**: 一个demo应用
- **Primary Language**: Unknown
- **License**: Not specified
- **Default Branch**: main
- **Homepage**: None
- **GVP Project**: No

## Statistics

- **Stars**: 0
- **Forks**: 0
- **Created**: 2022-12-07
- **Last Updated**: 2024-11-22

## Categories & Tags

**Categories**: Uncategorized

**Tags**: None

## README

---
title: 利用django快速生成网页
tags:
  - django
categories:
  - [devops,python,web,django]
date: 2022-12-07 09:40:24 
---

# 对数据进行展示 

需求：实现此网页一样的内容，网页：http://www.shareswizard.com/kzz_quotations，数据在源码库中。

源码库: 

<!--more-->

# 环境依赖

## docker desktop

windows上需要运行docker容器，就需要安装这个

https://docs.docker.com/desktop/install/windows-install/#install-interactively

## navicat

此应用是付费软件，功能特别好。支持mysql, sqlite, oracle, pgsql, mariadb, mongodb, sqlserver等数据库的连接，纯交互式操作mysql的CURD， 备份恢复，等操作。

https://learnku.com/articles/67706

## mysql

基于docker运行mysql, 非常方便。

为了加速获取docker image, 需要配置镜像，https://yeasy.gitbook.io/docker_practice/install/mirror#windows-10

```powershell
G:/docker-volumes/mysql/my.cnf
[mysqld]
character-set-client-handshake = FALSE
character-set-server = utf8mb4
collation-server = utf8mb4_unicode_ci
init_connect = 'SET NAMES utf8mb4'
innodb_large_prefix = ON
innodb-file-per-table = ON
innodb_file_format = BARRACUDA
innodb_default_row_format = dynamic

[client]
default-character-set=utf8mb4

docker pull mariadb:10.3.37-focal
docker run --restart always -d -p 3306:3306 --name mysql -v G:/docker-volumes/mysql/my.cnf:/etc/mysql/conf.d/my.cnf  -v G:/docker-volumes/mysql/data:/var/lib/mysql -e MYSQL_ALLOW_EMPTY_PASSWORD="1" mariadb:10.3.37-focal
```

navicat中导入init.sql

## anaconda

另一个python(官方python, python.org)发行版，是windows 用户的最佳选择。

内建大量预编译的python模块，我们不需要担心windows上模块安装不成功的问题。

https://docs.anaconda.com/anaconda/install/windows/

- [Download the Anaconda installer](https://www.anaconda.com/).
- Go to your Downloads folder and double-click the installer to launch. 
- Windows: Click **Start**, search for Anaconda Navigator, and click to open.
- 普通用户运行 anaconda prompt
- Enter `conda list`. If Anaconda is installed and working, this will display a list of installed packages and their versions.

- 使用anaconda 添加python虚拟环境  https://docs.conda.io/projects/conda/en/latest/user-guide/getting-started.html#managing-python

  ```powershell
  # 查看版本
  conda search python
  # 添加虚拟环境
  conda create -n py310 python=3.10
  # 激活环境
  #
  # To activate this environment, use
  #
  #     $ conda activate py310
  #
  # To deactivate an active environment, use
  #
  #     $ conda deactivate
  
  Retrieving notices: ...working... done
  # 查看conda环境
  conda info --envs
  
  # pip 环境
  (py310) C:\Users\slc>conda list
  # packages in environment at F:\anaconda3\envs\py310:
  #
  # Name                    Version                   Build  Channel
  bzip2                     1.0.8                he774522_0
  ca-certificates           2022.10.11           haa95532_0
  certifi                   2022.9.24       py310haa95532_0
  libffi                    3.4.2                hd77b12b_6
  openssl                   1.1.1s               h2bbff1b_0
  pip                       22.2.2          py310haa95532_0
  python                    3.10.8               h966fe2a_1
  setuptools                65.5.0          py310haa95532_0
  sqlite                    3.40.0               h2bbff1b_0
  tk                        8.6.12               h2bbff1b_0
  tzdata                    2022g                h04d1e81_0
  vc                        14.2                 h21ff451_1
  vs2015_runtime            14.27.29016          h5e58377_2
  wheel                     0.37.1             pyhd3eb1b0_0
  wincertstore              0.2             py310haa95532_2
  xz                        5.2.8                h8cc25b3_0
  zlib                      1.2.13               h8cc25b3_0
  ```

- 使用anaconda navigator添加python虚拟环境 https://docs.anaconda.com/navigator/getting-started/#managing-environments

## pycharm 

在windows上写python代码，建议使用pycharm, 支持语法高亮，补全，查源码，断点调试，快速生成方法，生成python包，复制代码引用路径，等等实用的功能。

https://www.guru99.com/how-to-install-python.html#:~:text=Step%201)%20To%20download%20PyCharm,setup%20wizard%20should%20have%20started.

- 添加存在的python到Pycharm项目 https://docs.anaconda.com/anaconda/user-guide/tasks/pycharm/#configuring-a-pycharm-project-with-an-existing-conda-environment

## django

python语言的web框架，django, flask, aiohttp, 等等，django内建大量的模块，虽然重一点，但是使用起来非常方便。要求我们掌握django很多知识。

参考: http://blog.mykernel.cn/DevOps/18-django%E9%A1%B9%E7%9B%AE%E5%BF%AB%E9%80%9F%E6%90%AD%E5%BB%BA.html

```powershell
# 安装必要的包
pip install django mysqlclient djangorestframework  django-filter  djangorestframework-simplejwt drf_spectacular
```

- `django` web框架
- `mysqlclient` python连接mysql的驱动
-  `djangorestframework` 基于django框架的restful框架, 后端api专用
- `django-filter` django rest使用的搜索和过滤功能
- `djangorestframework-simplejwt` django rest使用的jwt认证功能
- `drf_spectacular` django restful框架生成swagger文档

# 配置django

## 生成crash项目

```powershell
django-admin.exe startproject crash .   
```

## 配置项目 crash/settings.py

```python
# 最后1行添加
INSTALLED_APPS += [
    # ...
	'rest_framework',
    'rest_framework_simplejwt',
    'django_filters',
    'drf_spectacular',
]


## 数据库配置
DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
        'NAME': 'crash', # 库名
        'USER': 'root',  # mysql user
        'PASSWORD': '',  # mysql pass
        'HOST': '127.0.0.1', # mysql host
        'PORT': '3306', # mysql port
    }
}

## 日志配置
import os

LOGGING = {
    'version': 1,
    'disable_existing_loggers': False,
    'handlers': {
        'console': {
            'class': 'logging.StreamHandler',
        },
    },
    'root': {
        'handlers': ['console'],
        'level': 'WARNING',
    },
    'loggers': {
        'django.db.backends': {
            'handlers': ['console'],
            'level': 'DEBUG',
            'propagate': False,
        },
    },
}

## 本地化
LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh-hans'

TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai'

# 模板静态文件
STATIC_URL = '/static/'
STATICFILES_DIRS = [BASE_DIR / 'static']

# django rest 配置
REST_FRAMEWORK = {
    # openapi
    'DEFAULT_SCHEMA_CLASS': 'drf_spectacular.openapi.AutoSchema',

    # 全局权限处理
    'DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES': [
        # # 不配置时AllowAny，不认证或未认证(有无token)都可以进入视图。
        # 'rest_framework.permissions.IsAuthenticated',  # 配置后，带了token才允许
        # 'utils.permissions.IsSuperUser',  # 配置后，带了token才允许
        # 'utils.permissions.DMPORM'
    ],
    # 搜索功能
    'DEFAULT_FILTER_BACKENDS': ['django_filters.rest_framework.DjangoFilterBackend',
                                'rest_framework.filters.SearchFilter'],
    # 分页
    # 'DEFAULT_PAGINATION_CLASS': 'utils.paginations.PageNumberPagination',
    # 'PAGE_SIZE': 100,
    # 全局异常处理
    # 'EXCEPTION_HANDLER': 'utils.exceptions.global_exception_handler',
    # token认证
    'DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES': (
        'rest_framework_simplejwt.authentication.JWTAuthentication',
    )
}

# 文档配置
SPECTACULAR_SETTINGS = {
    'TITLE': 'crash的API',
    'DESCRIPTION': '睿哥的文档',
    'VERSION': '1.9.0',
    'SERVE_INCLUDE_SCHEMA': False,
    "SWAGGER_UI_SETTINGS": {
        "deepLinking": True,
        "persistAuthorization": True,
        "displayOperationId": True,
    },
}

# JWT认证配置
from datetime import timedelta

SIMPLE_JWT = {
    'ACCESS_TOKEN_LIFETIME': timedelta(minutes=30),
    'REFRESH_TOKEN_LIFETIME': timedelta(days=1),
}
```

## 配置crash/urls.py，准备swagger和jwt相关的url

```python
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path, include
from drf_spectacular.views import SpectacularAPIView, SpectacularSwaggerView, SpectacularRedocView

urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    # 。。。。
    path('doc/schema/', SpectacularAPIView.as_view(), name='schema'),
    path('doc/schema/swagger-ui/', SpectacularSwaggerView.as_view(url_name='schema'), name='swagger-ui'),
    path('doc/schema/redoc/', SpectacularRedocView.as_view(url_name='schema'), name='redoc')
]
```

## 项目目录下准备static目录，并进行生成django相关的数据表

```bash
python .\manage.py migrate
```

此操作会在crash/settings.py定义的数据库中, 添加几个表

- `auth_group`
- `auth_permission`
- `auth_user`
- `auth_user_gruops`
- `django_admin_log`
- `django_content_type`
- `django_migrations` 迁移表结构的位置

## 生成demoapp应用

生成应用

```
python manage.py startapp demoapp
```

此操作会在django项目目录下，生成demoapp目录，目录中有几个文件

```powershell
13:11 [PS] D:\Documents\Downloads\crash :>  ls -name .\demoapp\
models.py # 应用数据保存位置
migrations # 数据保存结构变化的迁移文件生成的目录
admin.py  # 对保存的数据，管理的目录
apps.py   # 当前demoapp应用的入口文件
tests.py  # 当前应用的测试文件
views.py  # 用户请求当前应用的处理函数位置
__init__.py  # 当前dmeoapp目录是一个包
```

添加demoapp/urls.py

```python
from django.urls import path
from .views import DemoViewSet
from rest_framework.routers import SimpleRouter

router = SimpleRouter()
# 利用router注册多个，建议prefix一定写, 如果''就出问题
router.register('', DemoViewSet)  # CRUD /demoapp/mgr/ list create  and  /demoapp/mgr/<int:pk>  retrive  update destory
urlpatterns = [
              ] + router.urls
```

添加demoapp/views.py

```python
from django_filters.rest_framework import DjangoFilterBackend
from drf_spectacular.utils import extend_schema
from rest_framework.request import Request
from rest_framework.viewsets import ModelViewSet
from rest_framework.filters import SearchFilter

### model
from django.db import models
class DemoTable(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=300)
    description = models.CharField(max_length=300)

### searilizer
from rest_framework.serializers import ModelSerializer
class DemoSerializer(ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = DemoTable
        fields = '__all__'

@extend_schema(tags=['users'])
class DemoViewSet(ModelViewSet):
    queryset = DemoTable.objects.all()
    serializer_class = DemoSerializer

    # permission_classes = [] # 移除全局权限
    # pagination_class = None # None不分页; PageNumberPagination 自定分页

    # 列表 get post     -->        list/create
    # 详情 get put patch delete --> retrieve/update/partial-update/destroy

    # 精确匹配
    # filter_backends = [DjangoFilterBackend]  # 默认全局
    filterset_fields = ['name', 'description']  # 查询字段名和查询参数名 ?name=xxxx 字段名也得name, =

    # 模糊匹配
    # filter_backends = [SearchFilter]  # 默认全局
    search_fields = ['name', 'description']

    @extend_schema('create', request=DemoSerializer)
    def create(self, request:Request, *args, **kwargs):
        return super().create(request, *args, **kwargs)
```

> 通常，会将`DemoTable` `DemoSerializer`这2个类单独放在demoapp应用目录下的 models.py中，searilizers.py文件中。这里方便起测试示例。我就直接启动了。

crash/urls.py添加映射

```python
from django.urls import path, include
urlpatterns = [
    # ...
    path('demoapps/',include('demoapp.urls')),
    
    # 。。。。
]
```

由于我们需要使用django.db.models管理功能，需要需要注册应用

crash/settings.py

```python
INSTALLED_APPS += [
    # ...
    'demoapp',
]
```

生成迁移文件

```powershell
(py310) D:\Documents\Downloads\crash>python manage.py makemigrations demoapp
(0.000) 
                SELECT VERSION(),
                       @@sql_mode,
                       @@default_storage_engine,
                       @@sql_auto_is_null,
                       @@lower_case_table_names,
                       CONVERT_TZ('2001-01-01 01:00:00', 'UTC', 'UTC') IS NOT NULL
            ; args=None; alias=default
(0.000) SET SESSION TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED; args=None; alias=default
(0.000) SHOW FULL TABLES; args=None; alias=default
(0.000) SELECT `django_migrations`.`id`, `django_migrations`.`app`, `django_migrations`.`name`, `django_migrations`.`applied` FROM `django_migrations`; args=(); alias=default
Migrations for 'demoapp':
  demoapp\migrations\0001_initial.py
    - Create model DemoTable

(py310) D:\Documents\Downloads\crash>python manage.py migrate
```

启动应用

```powershell
(py310) D:\Documents\Downloads\crash>python manage.py runserver
Watching for file changes with StatReloader
Watching for file changes with StatReloader
Performing system checks...

System check identified no issues (0 silenced).
(0.000) 
                SELECT VERSION(),
                       @@sql_mode,
                       @@default_storage_engine,
                       @@sql_auto_is_null,
                       @@lower_case_table_names,
                       CONVERT_TZ('2001-01-01 01:00:00', 'UTC', 'UTC') IS NOT NULL
            ; args=None; alias=default
(0.000) SET SESSION TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED; args=None; alias=default
(0.000) SHOW FULL TABLES; args=None; alias=default
(0.000) SELECT `django_migrations`.`id`, `django_migrations`.`app`, `django_migrations`.`name`, `django_migrations`.`applied` FROM `django_migrations`; args=(); alias=default
December 07, 2022 - 13:25:49
Django version 4.1.4, using settings 'crash.settings'
Starting development server at http://127.0.0.1:8000/
Quit the server with CTRL-BREAK.
```

现在获取swagger地址，http://127.0.0.1:8000/doc/schema/swagger-ui/

![image-20221207132937382](http://myapp.img.mykernel.cn/2022/12/07/20221207132938.png)

django restframwork自带的测试接口

![image-20221207133009369](http://myapp.img.mykernel.cn/2022/12/07/20221207133010.png)

- 此处有2条数据，直接在这个页面下方填写name, description，即可完成添加数据。

# 完成demoappv1应用

这里名称是demoappv1，其实我准备将需求中的数据通过demoappv1应用管理

```python
python manage.py startapp demoappv1

# 配置 crash/settings.py
INSTALLED_APPS += [
    # ...
    'demoappv1',
]

# 主路由crash/urls.py
path('demoappv1s/',include('demoappv1.urls')),

# demoappv1的路由 demoappv1/urls.py
from django.urls import path
from .views import DemoViewSet
from rest_framework.routers import SimpleRouter
router = SimpleRouter()
urlpatterns = [
              ] + router.urls

# demoappv1的视图 demoappv1/views.py
from django_filters.rest_framework import DjangoFilterBackend
from drf_spectacular.utils import extend_schema
from rest_framework.request import Request
from rest_framework.viewsets import ModelViewSet
from rest_framework.filters import SearchFilter

from django.db import models
class DemoTable(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=300)
    description = models.CharField(max_length=300)

from rest_framework.serializers import ModelSerializer
class DemoSerializer(ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = DemoTable
        fields = '__all__'

@extend_schema(tags=['users'])
class DemoViewSet(ModelViewSet):
    queryset = DemoTable.objects.all()
    serializer_class = DemoSerializer
    search_fields = ['name', 'description']
    @extend_schema('create', request=DemoSerializer)
    def create(self, request:Request, *args, **kwargs):
        return super().create(request, *args, **kwargs)
 
```

现在只需要添加model, 由于已经在源码库中有现成的表了，我们只需要导入表之后，基于此表生成model,

```powershell
(py310) D:\Documents\Downloads\crash>python manage.py inspectdb my_cashs_backT
class MyCashsBackt(models.Model):
    code_id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    account = models.CharField(max_length=255, blank=True, null=True)
    total_account_amount = models.FloatField(blank=True, null=True)
    code = models.CharField(max_length=255, blank=True, null=True)
    code_name = models.CharField(max_length=255, blank=True, null=True)
    buy_date = models.DateField(blank=True, null=True)
    first_day_rate = models.CharField(max_length=255, blank=True, null=True)
    first_day_rate_flag = models.IntegerField()
    my_price = models.FloatField(blank=True, null=True)
    num = models.IntegerField(blank=True, null=True)
    hold_money = models.IntegerField(blank=True, null=True)
    close_price = models.CharField(max_length=255, blank=True, null=True)
    my_rate = models.FloatField(blank=True, null=True)
    my_cash = models.IntegerField(blank=True, null=True)
    max_price = models.CharField(max_length=255, blank=True, null=True)
    max_rate = models.FloatField(blank=True, null=True)
    min_price = models.CharField(max_length=255, blank=True, null=True)
    min_rate = models.FloatField(blank=True, null=True)
    die_max_rate = models.CharField(max_length=20, blank=True, null=True)
    die_max_price = models.CharField(max_length=255, blank=True, null=True)
    die_min_rate = models.CharField(max_length=20, blank=True, null=True)
    die_min_price = models.CharField(max_length=255, blank=True, null=True)
    flag = models.IntegerField()
    level = models.CharField(max_length=255, blank=True, null=True)
    is_die = models.IntegerField()
    die_date = models.DateField(blank=True, null=True)
    interval_date = models.IntegerField(blank=True, null=True)
    update_date = models.DateTimeField(blank=True, null=True)

    class Meta:
        managed = False
        db_table = 'my_cashs_backT'
```

将生成的model，追加到demoappv1/models.py文件中，修改类名为DemoTable，同时删除views.py中的model DemoTable，快速引入这个DemoTable。

再次运行

```
(py310) D:\Documents\Downloads\crash>python manage.py runserver 
```

![image-20221207134712718](http://myapp.img.mykernel.cn/2022/12/07/20221207134714.png)

## 使用django-admin自带后台展示 

通过django admin完成，demoappv1/admin.py

```python
from django.contrib import admin
from .models import DemoTable
class DemoTableAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = [
        "account", "code", "code_name", "buy_date", "my_price", "num", "hold_money", "close_price", "my_rate",
        "my_cash", "max_price", "max_rate", "min_price", "min_rate", "die_max_rate", "die_max_price", "die_min_rate",
        "die_min_price", "flag", "is_die", "die_date", "interval_date"
    ]
admin.site.register(DemoTable, DemoTableAdmin)
```

生成用户

```
(py310) D:\Documents\Downloads\crash>python manage.py createsuperuser
```

访问后台地址http://localhost:8000/admin，用户admin,密码admin。

![image-20221207135822530](http://myapp.img.mykernel.cn/2022/12/07/20221207135823.png)

## 使用前端展示

不会, ...

# 部署应用

先记录python版本和依赖的包

```
pip freeze > requirements.txt

# 同版本，可以切换补丁版本。3.8.x
python -V > python-version.txt
```

准备python打包的配置 项目根目录下setup.cfg

```ini
[metadata]
name = cash
version = "1.1.0"
description =  cash
license = BSD 3-Clause License
classifiers =
    Framecash :: Django
    Programming Language :: Python :: 3

requires_python  = >=3.10
author = liangcheng
url  = https://blog.mykernel.cn

[options]
zip_safe = False
# MANIFEST.in  https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/guides/using-manifest-in/#manifest-in-commands
include_package_data = True
packages = find:

# auto isntall from pypy
install_requires =
    # pip freeze
    asgiref==3.5.2
    attrs==22.1.0
    cffi==1.15.1
    cryptography==38.0.4
    Django==4.1.4
    django-filter==22.1
    djangorestframework==3.14.0
    djangorestframework-simplejwt==5.2.2
    drf-spectacular==0.24.2
    inflection==0.5.1
    Jinja2==3.1.2
    jsonschema==4.17.3
    MarkupSafe==2.1.1
    mysqlclient==2.1.1
    packaging==21.3
    pycparser==2.21
    PyJWT==2.6.0
    pyparsing==3.0.9
    pyrsistent==0.19.2
    pytz==2022.6
    PyYAML==6.0
    resolvelib==0.8.1
    sqlparse==0.4.3
    tzdata==2022.7
    uritemplate==4.1.1
    wincertstore==0.2


# python
python_requires = >=3.10

# ['employee', 'hello_backend', 'user', 'utils', 'employee.migrations', 'user.migrations']
[options.packages.find]
where = .

# [options.entry_points]
# console_scripts =
#     cli-name = hello_backend.wsgi:application
```

准备 项目根目录下setup.py

```
from setuptools import setup
import sys
print(sys.getfilesystemencoding())
setup()
```

准备  项目根目录下MANIFEST.in

```python
# include file1 file2 ...
#include user/a.txt
include python-version.txt
include requirements.txt
include use.ini
include manage.py

include LICENSE
include README.rst
#recursive-include app/static *
#recursive-include app/templates *

recursive-include docs *

# exclude file1 file2 ...
#exclude manage.py


# ignore dir
# prune employee
```

准备 项目根目录下use.ini

```python
[uwsgi]
#http =  localhost:3031
#socket = 127.0.0.1:3032 # 这样也可以
socket = /tmp/%n.sock
chdir = /opt/sources/cash
# 包.子模块:变量
module = crash.wsgi:application 
stats = 127.0.0.1:9999
stats-http =
uid = www-data
gid = www-data
#daemonize = /var/log/wsgi/%n.log
#pidfile = /tmp/%n.pid


processes = 2
threads  = 2
master = True
lazy-apps = True
```

打包

```
python setup.py sdist --formats=gztar,zip
```

服务器上配置

展示zip包，准备python3.10环境

```bash
pip install uwsgi
# 配置Use.ini
uwsgi use.ini
```

systemd服务

```bash
# cat /etc/systemd/system/counter.service
[Unit]
Description=Uwsgi Counter App
After=syslog.target


[Service]
ExecStart=/usr/local/venv/bin/uwsgi /apps/uwsgi/counter/use.ini
RuntimeDirectory=uwsgi
Restart=always
KillSignal=SIGQUIT
Type=notify
StandardError=syslog
NotifyAccess=all

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
```