# Linux学习

**Repository Path**: hrbu-2022/linux-learning

## Basic Information

- **Project Name**: Linux学习
- **Description**: Linux学习
- **Primary Language**: Unknown
- **License**: Not specified
- **Default Branch**: master
- **Homepage**: None
- **GVP Project**: No

## Statistics

- **Stars**: 0
- **Forks**: 0
- **Created**: 2025-05-06
- **Last Updated**: 2025-05-13

## Categories & Tags

**Categories**: Uncategorized

**Tags**: None

## README

# 使用现有的虚拟机

选择任意一个压缩包，解压到当前文件夹

![image-20250506093210169](imgs/image-20250506093210169.png)

![image-20250506093349509](imgs/image-20250506093349509.png)

![image-20250506093428810](imgs/image-20250506093428810.png)

![image-20250506093447309](imgs/image-20250506093447309.png)





![image-20250506093520842](imgs/image-20250506093520842.png)

![image-20250506093543656](imgs/image-20250506093543656.png)





使用 root/root登录 

![image-20250506093704230](imgs/image-20250506093704230.png)



## 配置静态IP

通过检查vmnet8 的网卡地址

![image-20250506102957435](imgs/image-20250506102957435.png)

![image-20250506103248150](imgs/image-20250506103248150.png)



通过观察发现网卡的地址是 192.168.49.1

虚拟机应该配置的网卡

192.168.**49.**100

切换目录

```shell
cd /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections

vi ens33.connection
```

vi之后回车

![image-20250506103616625](imgs/image-20250506103616625.png)

敲  `i `切换为编辑模式

![image-20250506103641234](imgs/image-20250506103641234.png)



修改之后的地址

![image-20250506103815331](imgs/image-20250506103815331.png)



退出编辑模式

敲 ```ESC``

输入 保存并退出

```
:wq
```



![image-20250506103946818](imgs/image-20250506103946818.png)

## 重启网卡

```
nmcli connection reload ens33.nmconnection
nmcli connection up ens33
```

![image-20250506104205849](imgs/image-20250506104205849.png)

## 查看网卡信息

```
ip addr 
```





![image-20250506104233394](imgs/image-20250506104233394.png)



## 测试网络连通性

虚拟机--外网

```
ping www.baidu.com
```



虚拟机（192.168.49.100）--> 真机  192.168.84.47

真机（  192.168.84.47）-->虚拟机（192.168.49.100）





# 使用客户端软件连接

Final Shell

Putty

xShell

Nshell



https://dl.hostbuf.com/finalshell3/finalshell_windows_x64.exe



# 用户和组的添加

- 添加用户和组

```shell
groupadd oracle
 useradd orcl -d /home/oracle -g oracle
```

查看用户和组

```
tail -n 1000 /etc/passwd
```

![image-20250512143719393](imgs/image-20250512143719393.png)

使用root账号 修改密码

```
passwd orcl
```

![image-20250512144212495](imgs/image-20250512144212495.png)

使用新用户登录

![image-20250512144341943](imgs/image-20250512144341943.png)



# su

切换用户身份

- su  username
- su - username 
- su    默认切换到root



# sudo 使用管理员身份操作

- 创建一个root 组的 用户

````
 useradd mysql-d /home/mysql -g root
````

添加mysql 用户到 sudo 用户列表、

使用root 登录编辑     

```
visodu    /etc/sudoers 
```



mysql    ALL=(ALL)       ALL

![image-20250512153402797](imgs/image-20250512153402797.png)

通过sudo 临时切换到  超级管理员的身份

测试 使用mysql 用户登录， 编辑网卡

```
sudo vi  /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/ens33.nmconnection
```

需要输入的是 mysql的密码

# 压缩和解压缩

## 打包

```
tar -zcvf  压缩文件的文件名  打包压缩的目录 
```

```
tar -zcvf software.tar.gz  software 
```

## 解压缩

```
tar -xzvf   压缩包的文件名
```

```
tar -xzvf   software.tar.gz
```



# 下载jdk17 

从官网下载 

https://www.oracle.com/java/technologies/downloads/

![image-20250513084945237](imgs/image-20250513084945237.png)

![image-20250513084957061](imgs/image-20250513084957061.png)

## 上传到 linux

![image-20250513085040445](imgs/image-20250513085040445.png)

![image-20250513085102535](imgs/image-20250513085102535.png)



![image-20250513085135453](imgs/image-20250513085135453.png)

## 解压

切换目录到  opt

```
cd /opt
```







![image-20250513085209507](imgs/image-20250513085209507.png)

**解压**

```shell
tar -zxvf  jdk-17.0.15_linux-x64_bin.tar.gz
```









![image-20250513085428523](imgs/image-20250513085428523.png)



## 进入bin测试java命令

```
cd  /opt/jdk-17.0.15/bin
java -version
```

![image-20250513085938400](imgs/image-20250513085938400.png)

## 删除jdk21

```java
rpm -e jdk-21-21.0.6-8.x86_64

```

## 添加jdk17的环境变量

编辑用户下的  环境变量的文件

修改用户家目录中的 .bashrc     /root/.bashrc

```
vi /root/.bashrc

PATH=/opt/jdk-17.0.15/bin:$PATH
export PATH



```

![image-20250513091337808](imgs/image-20250513091337808.png)



手动加载一次  .bashrc

```
source  /root/.bashrc
```

查看环境变量

```
echo $PATH
```



![image-20250513091445852](imgs/image-20250513091445852.png)

## 验证JDK

```
java -version
```



![image-20250513092109470](imgs/image-20250513092109470.png)





# DNF

- 安装源

## 安装 gcc  g++ 

```
 dnf  install -y gcc g++
```



![image-20250513095855922](imgs/image-20250513095855922.png)

## 测试gcc 

编写c语言的代码

````
#include "stdio.h"

void  main(){

            printf("hello gcc\n");
             
             
                 return;

}

````

![image-20250513100312202](imgs/image-20250513100312202.png)

```shell
[root@neuedu-alma-linux ~]# vi demo1.c
[root@neuedu-alma-linux ~]# ll
total 12
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 110 Jan 24 14:05 Run.java
-rw-------. 1 root root 843 Jan 24 10:36 anaconda-ks.cfg
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  95 May  7 15:51 demo1.c

# 编译 c代码
[root@neuedu-alma-linux ~]# gcc demo1.c -o demo1
[root@neuedu-alma-linux ~]# ll
total 32
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root   110 Jan 24 14:05 Run.java
-rw-------. 1 root root   843 Jan 24 10:36 anaconda-ks.cfg
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 17488 May  7 15:51 demo1
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root    95 May  7 15:51 demo1.c

# 执行
[root@neuedu-alma-linux ~]# ./demo1
hello gcc
[root@neuedu-alma-linux ~]# 

```

![image-20250513100339452](imgs/image-20250513100339452.png)

## Nginx软件

### 使用源码安装(不需要操作，了解)

wget   路径

```
wget https://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.26.3.tar.gz
```



![image-20250513104256876](imgs/image-20250513104256876.png)



![image-20250513104318110](imgs/image-20250513104318110.png)

![image-20250513104411348](imgs/image-20250513104411348.png)

安装确实的模块

```
sudo dnf install gcc gcc-c++ make pcre pcre-devel zlib zlib-devel openssl openssl-devel
```

![image-20250513104536365](imgs/image-20250513104536365.png)

![image-20250513104657374](imgs/image-20250513104657374.png)

```
执行make命令  编译
make 
安装 
sudo make install
```

### dnf的方式安装

```shell
dnf install -y  nginx 
```

![image-20250513104921417](imgs/image-20250513104921417.png)

# Nginx使用

检查安装的位置

```
cd  /etc/nginx 
ls 
```

![image-20250513105034414](imgs/image-20250513105034414.png)



```
#任意位置 敲 nginx命令
nginx
```



![image-20250513105123403](imgs/image-20250513105123403.png)

![image-20250513105211124](imgs/image-20250513105211124.png)

## 关闭防火墙

```
sudo systemctl stop firewalld
sudo systemctl disable firewalld
```



## 访问nginx

在浏览器中敲 http://ip:port/项目的名称（网站的名称）

![image-20250513105627747](imgs/image-20250513105627747.png)

修改测试页面

```
cd /usr/share/testpage
```

![image-20250513110029883](imgs/image-20250513110029883.png)



修改nginx

```html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
	<meta charset="UTF-8">
	<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
	<title>Document</title>

	<style>
		body {
			width: 100vw;
			height: 100vh;
			display: flex;
			justify-content: center;
			align-items: center;
		}

		div {
			width: 300px;
			height: 300px;
			background-color: rgb(207, 196, 196);
			box-shadow: 10px 10px 10px rgb(207, 196, 196), -10px -10px 10px rgb(207, 196, 196);
		}
	</style>
</head>

<body>

	<div>
		使用vue 实现的 网站
	</div>

</body>

</html>
```

![image-20250513110453088](imgs/image-20250513110453088.png)